![]() ![]() ↑ Friedrich MG, Dill H, Unverdorben M, Engels G, Scheele H, Bachmann K (1994).CS1 maint: Multiple names: authors list ( link) "Association between sleep apnea and overnight hemodynamic changes in hospitalized heart failure patients with and without paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea". ↑ 1.0 1.1 Yagishita-Tagawa Y, Yumino D, Takagi A, Serizawa N, Hagiwara N (2013).The treatment of congestive heart failure can be found here. Treatment depends upon the underlying cause. The experience of PND is often described as awakening suddenly to a feeling that one is suffocating, with wheezing respirations and coughing. ![]() Severe chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.Left ventricular failure (non-valvular).Myasthenia gravis, paraneoplastic syndromes Hurler syndrome, metabolic acidosis, obesityĪdrenal carcinoma, paraneoplastic syndromesĬor pulmonale, emphysema, interstitial lung disease, pulmonary edema, pulmonary embolism, severe chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, tropical pulmonary eosinophilia Myasthenia gravis, obstructive sleep apnea Gastroesophageal reflux disease, Hurler syndromeĬhagas disease, Q fever myocarditis, Tropical pulmonary eosinophilia Life-threatening causes include conditions which may result in death or permanent disability within 24 hours if left untreated.Īcute decompensated heart failure, aortic regurgitation, aortic stenosis, atypical myocardial infarction, cardiac amyloidosis, cardiac ischemia, cardiac tamponade, cardiac tumors, cardiomyopathies, chronic heart failure, congenital heart disease, cor pulmonale, dilated cardiomyopathy, endomyocardial fibrosis, giant atrial myxoma, heart failure, hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, hurler syndrome, left ventricular failure (non-valvular), mitral stenosis, pacemaker syndrome, pericardial effusion, pericarditis, peripartum cardiomyopathy, peripheral edema, pulmonary embolism, Q fever myocarditis, restrictive cardiomyopathy, rheumatic heart disease, systemic hypertensionĪntidepressants, calcium channel blockers, diltiazem, nifedipine, trazodoneĪdrenal carcinoma, Cushing's syndrome, thyroid disease The consequent pulmonary hypertension leads to the accumulation of fluid in the lungs, or pulmonary edema. At night, when recumbent for an extended period, this fluid is reabsorbed, increasing total blood volume and blood pressure, leading to pulmonary hypertension in people with underlying heart failure. This fluid typically rests in the legs ( peripheral edema) during the day when the individual is upright. PND is caused by increasing amounts of fluid entering the lung during sleep and filling the small, air-filled sacs ( alveoli) in the lung responsible for absorbing oxygen from the atmosphere. It was first described by Charles Lepois in the 1500s. Also unlike orthopnea, it does not develop immediately upon lying down. PND is often relieved by sitting upright, but not as quickly as simple orthopnea. PND commonly occurs several hours after a person with heart failure has fallen asleep. It is most closely associated with congestive heart failure. Paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea (PND) is defined as sudden, severe shortness of breath at night that awakens a person from sleep, often with coughing and wheezing. Synonyms and keywords: Cardiac asthma PND Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Ogheneochuko Ajari, MB.BS, MS ![]() List of terms related to Paroxysmal nocturnal dyspneaĮditor-In-Chief: C. Paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea in the Marketplace Treatment of Paroxysmal nocturnal dyspneaĬME Programs on Paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea Risk calculators and risk factors for Paroxysmal nocturnal dyspneaĬauses & Risk Factors for Paroxysmal nocturnal dyspneaĭiagnostic studies for Paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea Patient Handouts on Paroxysmal nocturnal dyspneaĭirections to Hospitals Treating Paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea ![]() Patient resources on Paroxysmal nocturnal dyspneaĭiscussion groups on Paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea News trends on Paroxysmal nocturnal dyspneaĭefinitions of Paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea NICE Guidance on Paroxysmal nocturnal dyspneaīe alerted to news on Paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea US National Guidelines Clearinghouse on Paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea Trial results on Paroxysmal nocturnal dyspneaĬlinical Trials on Paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea at Google Ongoing Trials on Paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea at Clinical Podcasts & MP3s on Paroxysmal nocturnal dyspneaĬochrane Collaboration on Paroxysmal nocturnal dyspneaīandolier on Paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea Powerpoint slides on Paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea Review articles on Paroxysmal nocturnal dyspneaĪrticles on Paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea in N Eng J Med, Lancet, BMJ Most cited articles on Paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea Most recent articles on Paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea WikiDoc Resources for Paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea ![]()
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